Draft Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Artificial Intelligence" – Principles of Regulation and Practical Aspects

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the provisions of Kazakhstan’s Draft Law “On Artificial Intelligence” (hereinafter – “Draft Law”) and its comparison with international approaches to the regulation of this technology. The Draft Law was approved by the Mazhilis (Chamber of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan exercising legislative functions) in its first reading on May 14, 2025. There is no need to prove the growing significance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and their active integration into the daily lives of internet users and private businesses around the world, including Kazakhstan. AI is rapidly becoming an integral part of digital technologies, and its widespread use raises a number of ethical, technological, and legal challenges.

All of this underscores the need for clear legal regulation to protect citizens and ensure sustainable technological development. In view of this, legislators and government bodies around the world, including those in Kazakhstan, have begun developing approaches to the regulatory governance of AI technologies.

International Practice of Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

The first regulatory act of its kind aimed at governing the development and use of artificial intelligence systems was the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union legislative acts (hereinafter – the “AI Act”), which was adopted by the European Parliament on 13 March 2024 and by the Council of the EU on 21 May 2024. The AI Act has, in part, served as a foundation for the Kazakh Draft Law. For instance, the AI Act introduced the first legal definitions of an artificial intelligence system (hereinafter – “AI system”), its users, developers, and other actors involved in the creation, distribution, and use of AI systems. 

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Authors:

Darya Zhanysbayeva, Partner

Mila Ryzhkina, Junior Associate