Publications

Azerbaijan is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, which has contributed to the success of its trade policy. One of the main objectives of this policy is to expand and strengthen Azerbaijan's foreign trade relations. The Karabakh region, which was returned to the control of Azerbaijan in 2020, also represents economic potential for the country.

The Civil Code defines the standard terms of an agreement as to the pre-formulated and intended for multiple use that one party (offeror) presents to another party, and predetermined provisions are clarified through such standard terms

Submitted applications (orders) are reviewed by a state body issuing the special permit to verify the accuracy of the information provided and determine compliance with export control rules.

In January-September 2022, Moldova’s road transport enterprises, which have a preponderance in the structure of transported goods (79.8%), transported 11.8 million tons of goods, 6.1% more compared to the same period of the previous year. The share of goods transported by road transport in the total volume of goods transported by this mode of transport in the city of Chisinau constituted 46.6%, the development regions Center – 28.8%, North – 15.3%, South – 5.8% and UTA Gagauzia – 3.5%.

A changing global geopolitical environment and China’s ambitious investment strategies are bringing resource-rich countries of Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa closer to Beijing

There is currently no shortage of global events imposing pressure on businesses' supply chains. There is no stopping the rise in raw material prices, which is driving price lists up to exorbitant levels. Nor does the shortage of raw materials seem to be anywhere close to resolved.

As established in Article 49 of the European Union (EU) Treaty, any European country that respects the values referred to in Article 2 and is committed to promoting them may apply to become a member of the European Union. The decision on new EU membership is taken unanimously by the Council, after consulting the Commission and getting Parliament’s consent.

As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the U.S., E.U., U.K. and their allies have implemented a broad array of sanctions and other economic measures intended to impose on Russia and its allies. The sanctions are intended to further increase the costs to Russia of prosecuting the war in Ukraine by cutting Russian acres to foreign revenue, services that could be used to evade sanctions, and finished goods and inputs used by Russian industry for military purposes.

One of the instruments the EU is using to bring about changes and expert pressure on Russia to stop its military attack on Ukraine are sanctions. Sanctions are instruments of foreign policy and are based on Article 29 of the Treaty of the European Union.

Almost a year ago, Kazakhstan introduced VAT which the foreign companies should pay for goods and services supplied electronically to individuals in Kazakhstan.

In January 2022, Kazakhstan introduces the obligation on the VAT payment by foreign companies that are engaged in e-commerce with goods or provide e-services to individuals. The Law, dated 10 December 2020, No. 382-VI supplemented the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan ‘On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget’ (hereinafter - the ‘Tax Code’)’ with a new ‘Section 25.  Features of Taxation of Foreign Companies When Engaging in E-Commerce with Goods, Providing E-Services to Individuals’.

There are several ways to start a business, including finding and running a new business, buying an existing business, or buying a franchise, etc. Nowadays, buying a franchise is the most commonly used form. Under a franchise agreement, a franchisor undertakes to grant to the franchisee a license established in accordance with the procedure, for the use of its intangible assets such as the firm's name, trademarks or service marks, industrial design, packaging, as well as business management systems, planning, communications, and principal guidelines on the procurement of goods and services.